🏷️ git 🏷️ vcs

:material-database:{ .anim-fade } Git

Separate git configurations for work and play

Put something like this in your ~/.gitconfig:

[includeIf "gitdir:~/work/"]
    path = ~/.gitconfig.work

[includeIf "gitdir:~/code/"]
    path = ~/.gitconfig.personal

If your work repos are in ~/work, you can have a separate user/email etc for repos in that folder.

Delete a tag that’s already pushed

git tag -d <tag_name>
git push --delete origin <tag_name>

Signing commited commits

If you want to sign the last N commits that you have already pushed:

git rebase --signoff -S HEAD~N
git push -f

Create an empty commit

git commit --allow-empty -m "blah blah"

Useful if you have a gitops workflow and just want to raise a PR to trigger something from there.

Show parents of a merge commit

git cat-file -p <commit>

git show --pretty=raw <commit>

Both these show similar information: the committer, the parent(s), commit text and so on.

Show files changed between two commit IDs

Now that you have the two parents of a merged request (see above tip), you can see all files changed between its two parents with a command like this:

git diff --name-only <sha1> <sha2>

Color coded git output

git config --global color.ui true

Git objects

Tree
Blob
Commit
Tag

Reverting a reverted commit in git

If you’ve reverted a recent commit with:

git reset HEAD^

You can undo the revert with this:

git reset HEAD@{1}

Some great ones to investigate a repo

These are all from this excellent post :

What changes the most:

git log --format=format: --name-only --since="1 year ago" | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr | head -20

Who built this:

git shortlog -sn --no-merges

Where do bugs cluster:

git log -i -E --grep="fix|bug|broken" --name-only --format='' | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr | head -20

Is this project accelerating or dying:

git log --format='%ad' --date=format:'%Y-%m' | sort | uniq -c

How often is the team firefighting:

git log --oneline --since="1 year ago" | grep -iE 'revert|hotfix|emergency|rollback'

Using git stash to save changes temporarily

First do a git add (if its a new file to be tracked), then git stash
Check with git stash list
Reapply with git stash apply
Otherwise use git stash pop to recover the files and discard the stash
Creating a branch from a stash:

git stash branch testchanges

View commits that aren’t in master

To see commits that have not yet merged to master:

git log --no-merges master..

Bitbucket: checkout a pull request

From here: https://gist.github.com/hongymagic/6339056

First add this to .git/config under the origin section:

    fetch = +refs/pull-requests/*:refs/remotes/origin/pull-requests/*

Then fetch the pull requests:

## Modern Git: switch and restore

Instead of the overloaded `git checkout`, use:

- `git switch <branch-name>` - Switch to a branch.
- `git switch -c <new-branch>` - Create and switch to a new branch.
- `git restore <file>` - Unstage or discard changes in a file.

## View commits that aren't in main

-   To see commits that have not yet merged to main:

``` sh
git log --no-merges main..

…

Git rebase vs normal pull

Instead of a normal pull, try this:

git pull --rebase origin main

And make it permanent with this: git config --global pull.rebase true
This removes the superfluous ‘merge commit’ that comes up normally.
Finally:

git push origin main

Git log on a file

git log -p filename

actually do this:

git log --follow filename

Submodules

To update all submodules:

git submodule update --init --recursive

To fetch the latest code from a submodule:

    cd <submodule-folder>
    git pull
    cd ..
    git commit -am "bumping up submodule version"

Then merge the code. The next time the parent repository is pulled, updating the submodule will get the latest commit in it.

Working with remotes

Changing a remote’s name

git remote origin set-url http://some-other-url

Adding a remote

git remote add newremote http://newremote-url

Then as usual push/pull to and from these remotes

git pull origin master

git push newremote master

Leaderboards

git shortlog -sn

Hide Whitespace Noise

Good when some one changes indentations and a whole lot of rubbish comes).

git diff -w

Show words that have changed inline

git diff --word-diff

See what everyone is up to

git log --all --oneline --no-merges

Generate a changelog

git log --oneline --no-merges <last tag>..HEAD

View complex logs

git log --graph --all --decorate --stat --date=iso

Handy aliases

Put something like this in your .gitconfig

[alias]
    st = status --branch --short
    wat = log --graph --decorate --oneline -15
    follow = log --follow -p